![]() ![]() Since 2000, polio vaccination in the United States has used an injected vaccine with an inactivated poliovirus that doesn't create the risk for VDPV. Samples from wastewater showed that VDPV was spreading in some communities. One case in New York in 2022 was in a county with a lower-than-average polio vaccination rate. In each case, the person was either not vaccinated or had a significantly weakened immune system. Infections from VDPV have been reported in the United States. This gives the virus the chance to change, or mutate, and behave like the wild-type virus that causes illness. If many people aren't vaccinated, the weakened virus can move through a community for a long time. If most people in a community are vaccinated, the spread of the weakened virus is controlled. Instead, VDPV is a new version of the virus that develops within a community or region where not enough people are vaccinated.Įven though the weakened virus in the oral vaccine doesn't cause illness, it can spread. The weakened virus in the oral vaccine doesn't itself cause polio, and vaccinated people rarely contract VDPV. VDPV exists mainly in a few countries that use an oral vaccine with a weakened poliovirus. ![]() Another version of the virus, called the vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), is more widespread and now causes most infections worldwide. ![]() The naturally-occurring poliovirus, called the wild-type poliovirus, has been eliminated in most countries and causes few cases of polio. Nerve cells controlling sensation are generally not affected. It mainly targets nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain stem that control muscle movement. If you had polio before, see your health care provider if you have new or worse signs or symptoms. It's important to get a timely and accurate diagnosis. Signs and symptoms of polio are similar to other viral diseases that affect the nervous system. Sleep-related breathing disorders, such as sleep apnea.Progressive muscle or joint weakness and pain.This usually happens decades after having polio. Post-polio syndrome is the appearance of new signs or symptoms or the progression of problems. Paralysis of muscles involved in breathing.But paralysis of one leg is most common, followed by paralysis of one arm.ĭepending on the severity of disease, other signs or symptoms may include: Muscles weakness progressing to a limp paralysisĪny combination of limbs may experience paralysis.But it progresses to more-severe signs and symptoms, including: The disease begins much like nonparalytic polio. This most serious form of the disease is rare. Besides having more-severe flu-like symptoms, nonparalytic polio symptoms may include:Ī second phase of symptoms may follow, or a person may seem to be getting better for a few days before a second phase starts. While the illness lasts longer than a few days, it doesn't cause paralysis. These include:Ī more severe form of the disease, called nonparalytic polio, affects about 1% of those infected. This leads to flu-like symptoms that last 2 to 3 days. Abortive polioĪbout 5% of people with the poliovirus get a mild version of the disease called abortive poliomyelitis. Most people infected with the virus that causes polio, called poliovirus, don't get symptoms. The myelin sheath is fatty material that covers, insulates and protects nerves of the brain and spinal cord. Each nerve cell consists of the cell body, which includes the nucleus, a major branching fiber (axon) and numerous smaller branching fibers (dendrites). The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell (neuron). ![]()
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